Chapter 11: Social Impact
Chapter Overview
With the rapid growth of computers, mobile devices, and the internet, technology has become an inseparable part of human life. While digital technologies offer convenience, connectivity, and efficiency, they also raise social, ethical, legal, and health-related concerns.
This chapter helps students understand:
- Responsible use of digital technologies
- Rights and duties of users in a digital society
- Legal aspects related to information technology
- Risks such as cyber crime and data misuse
- Impact of technology on physical and mental health
CBSE includes this chapter to promote digital awareness, cyber ethics, and responsible citizenship.
11.1 Introduction
In modern society, computers and digital technologies influence almost every aspect of daily life. From education and banking to communication and entertainment, digital systems have transformed how people live and interact. This widespread influence of technology on individuals and society is known as the social impact of computing.
According to the CBSE Class 11 Computer Science syllabus, social impact refers to the effects of computer technology and digital systems on individuals, society, and the environment.
Positive Social Impact of Technology
CBSE acknowledges several positive effects of digital technology:
- Easy access to information
- Improved communication through emails and social media
- Growth of online education and e-learning
- Faster and efficient services (banking, shopping, governance)
- Increased employment opportunities in IT sector
These benefits have improved productivity and global connectivity.
Negative Social Impact of Technology
Along with benefits, technology also introduces challenges:
- Privacy issues
- Cyber crimes
- Digital addiction
- Spread of misinformation
- Health problems due to excessive screen time
Understanding these challenges is essential for responsible technology use.
Need for Awareness of Social Impact
CBSE emphasises awareness because:
- Technology affects personal and social life
- Users must understand digital risks
- Legal responsibilities must be followed
- Ethical behaviour is required online
Awareness helps users make informed and responsible decisions.
Social Impact and Ethics
Ethics refers to moral principles that guide behaviour. In the digital world, ethics involve:
- Respecting privacy of others
- Avoiding misuse of information
- Following legal guidelines
- Practicing honesty and responsibility online
Ethical computing promotes trust and safety in society.
Role of Computers in Society
Computers play a significant role in:
- Education (online classes, digital libraries)
- Healthcare (medical records, diagnostics)
- Governance (e-governance, digital services)
- Business (e-commerce, online payments)
- Social interaction (social networking platforms)
Thus, computers influence both individual behaviour and societal structure.
Responsible Use of Technology
CBSE encourages students to become responsible digital users by:
- Using technology for constructive purposes
- Protecting personal data
- Respecting laws and regulations
- Avoiding harmful online activities
Responsible usage maximises benefits and reduces harm.
Scope of This Chapter (CBSE Perspective)
In this chapter, students will learn about:
- Digital footprints
- Digital society and netizenship
- Data protection
- Cyber crime
- Indian IT Act
- Health impacts of technology
These topics are highly relevant in today’s digital age.
Key Points to Remember (NCERT-Oriented)
- Technology has social, ethical, and legal impact
- Social impact includes both positive and negative effects
- Awareness is essential for responsible use
- Ethics play an important role in digital society
- CBSE focuses on safe and legal use of technology
11.2 Digital Footprints
Whenever a person uses the internet or digital devices, they leave behind traces of their activities. These traces are known as digital footprints. Digital footprints play a crucial role in shaping an individual’s online identity and can have long-term consequences.
According to the CBSE Class 11 Computer Science syllabus, a digital footprint is the record of data and information left behind by users while they are using digital technologies and the internet.
What Creates a Digital Footprint
Digital footprints are created through various online activities, such as:
- Visiting websites
- Posting on social media
- Sending emails
- Online shopping
- Using mobile applications
- Uploading photos and videos
Every online action contributes to a person’s digital footprint.
Types of Digital Footprints
CBSE classifies digital footprints into two main types:
- Active Digital Footprint
- Passive Digital Footprint
1. Active Digital Footprint
An active digital footprint is created when users intentionally share information online.
Examples of Active Digital Footprint
- Posting comments on social media
- Uploading photos or videos
- Filling online forms
- Sending emails
- Publishing blogs
These actions are done knowingly and deliberately.
2. Passive Digital Footprint
A passive digital footprint is created when information about a user is collected without the user’s direct knowledge.
Examples of Passive Digital Footprint
- Websites tracking user activity using cookies
- IP address logging
- Location tracking by apps
- Browsing history stored by browsers
📌 CBSE Exam Point Passive digital footprints are often created automatically.
Why Digital Footprints Are Important
Digital footprints are important because:
- They form a person’s online reputation
- They can be accessed by organisations and employers
- They may remain online permanently
- They can be misused if not protected
CBSE stresses that digital footprints are difficult to erase completely.
Risks Associated with Digital Footprints
Uncontrolled digital footprints can lead to:
- Privacy invasion
- Identity theft
- Cyber stalking
- Targeted advertising
- Misuse of personal information
These risks highlight the need for careful online behaviour.
Managing Digital Footprints
CBSE encourages students to manage their digital footprints by:
- Avoiding oversharing personal information
- Using strong privacy settings
- Being cautious while posting online
- Regularly reviewing online accounts
- Understanding website permissions
Responsible actions help reduce digital risks.
Digital Footprints and Privacy
Digital footprints directly affect online privacy.
- More footprints → Less privacy
- Fewer footprints → Better privacy
Protecting privacy requires awareness and responsible use of technology.
Examples from Real Life
- A student’s old social media post affecting college admission
- Personal data used for targeted advertisements
- Browsing habits tracked for marketing
These examples show the long-term impact of digital footprints.
Key Points to Remember (NCERT-Oriented)
- Digital footprints are online activity records
- They are of two types: active and passive
- Footprints shape online identity
- Digital footprints are hard to erase
- Responsible behaviour reduces risks
11.3 Digital Society and Netizen
With the widespread use of computers, smartphones, and the internet, human society has gradually transformed into a digital society. In such a society, people interact, communicate, learn, work, and conduct transactions using digital technologies. Individuals who actively participate in this digital environment are known as netizens.
According to the CBSE Class 11 Computer Science syllabus, a digital society is a society that uses digital technologies extensively for social, economic, and cultural activities, and a netizen is a responsible and informed citizen of the digital world.
Digital Society
Meaning of Digital Society
A digital society is one in which:
- Digital devices are commonly used
- Internet connectivity is widespread
- Online platforms support daily activities
In a digital society, technology plays a central role in shaping interactions and lifestyles.
Characteristics of a Digital Society
CBSE highlights the following characteristics:
- Easy access to information
- Online communication and collaboration
- Digital services such as e-governance and e-commerce
- Use of social media and digital platforms
- Dependence on data and networks
These characteristics make life more connected and efficient.
Examples of Digital Society
- Online education and virtual classrooms
- Digital payments and online banking
- Social networking platforms
- E-governance services
- Telemedicine and online consultations
These examples show how technology influences modern society.
Netizen
Meaning of Netizen
The term netizen is derived from:
- Net (Internet)
- Citizen
A netizen is a person who:
- Uses the internet regularly
- Participates in online communities
- Understands rights and responsibilities in the digital world
CBSE emphasises that a netizen should be responsible, ethical, and aware.
Rights of a Netizen
Just like citizens in a society, netizens have certain rights.
CBSE identifies the following key rights:
- Right to privacy
- Right to access information
- Right to freedom of expression (within legal limits)
- Right to online safety and security
These rights help ensure fair and safe participation in the digital world.
Duties and Responsibilities of a Netizen
Along with rights, netizens have important duties.
Major Responsibilities of a Netizen
- Respect privacy of others
- Avoid cyber bullying and harassment
- Follow cyber laws and regulations
- Verify information before sharing
- Use technology ethically and responsibly
📌 CBSE Exam Point A responsible netizen balances rights with duties.
Netiquette (Internet Etiquette)
Netiquette refers to the set of rules for proper behaviour while using the internet.
Examples of Netiquette
- Use polite and respectful language online
- Avoid posting offensive content
- Do not spread rumours or fake news
- Respect intellectual property
- Avoid spamming
Following netiquette promotes a healthy digital environment.
Challenges in a Digital Society
Despite its benefits, a digital society faces challenges such as:
- Cyber crime
- Online harassment
- Digital divide
- Privacy concerns
- Spread of misinformation
These challenges highlight the need for digital literacy and awareness.
Role of Education in Creating Responsible Netizens
CBSE includes this topic to encourage:
- Awareness about digital rights
- Understanding of online responsibilities
- Ethical use of technology
- Safe online behaviour
Education plays a key role in shaping responsible digital citizens.
Key Points to Remember (NCERT-Oriented)
- A digital society relies on digital technologies
- Netizens are citizens of the digital world
- Netizens have rights and responsibilities
- Netiquette promotes ethical online behaviour
- Awareness ensures safe participation
11.4 Data Protection
In the digital age, vast amounts of personal and sensitive data are created, stored, and shared every day. Protecting this data from unauthorised access, misuse, and loss is known as data protection. CBSE places strong emphasis on data protection to promote privacy, security, and responsible use of information.
According to the CBSE Class 11 Computer Science syllabus, data protection refers to the process of safeguarding data to ensure confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
What Is Data? (Contextual Recall)
Data may include:
- Personal details (name, address, phone number)
- Financial information (bank details, credit card numbers)
- Academic and medical records
- Login credentials (usernames, passwords)
Such data is valuable and must be protected.
Why Data Protection Is Important
CBSE highlights the importance of data protection due to the following reasons:
- To protect individual privacy
- To prevent identity theft
- To avoid financial loss
- To stop misuse of sensitive information
- To comply with legal and ethical standards
Failure to protect data can lead to serious consequences for individuals and organisations.
Key Principles of Data Protection
Data protection is based on three fundamental principles, often referred to as the CIA Triad (conceptual awareness level):
- Confidentiality – Data should be accessible only to authorised users
- Integrity – Data should be accurate and not altered without permission
- Availability – Data should be accessible when required
📌 CBSE Exam Point Data protection ensures confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data.
Threats to Data
Data can be threatened by:
- Malware and viruses
- Hacking and unauthorised access
- Phishing attacks
- Weak passwords
- Loss or theft of devices
- Insecure networks
Understanding these threats helps in adopting preventive measures.
Methods of Data Protection
CBSE expects awareness of basic methods used to protect data.
1. Strong Passwords
- Use a combination of letters, numbers, and symbols
- Avoid common or predictable passwords
- Change passwords regularly
2. Authentication and Authorization
- Authentication verifies user identity
- Authorization controls access rights
Examples:
- OTPs
- Biometric authentication
3. Encryption
- Converts data into unreadable form
- Only authorised users can decrypt it
- Used for secure communication and storage
4. Antivirus and Security Software
- Detects and removes malicious software
- Protects systems from cyber threats
5. Regular Updates and Backups
- Software updates fix security vulnerabilities
- Backups prevent data loss due to failure or attack
Safe Data Handling Practices
CBSE encourages the following best practices:
- Do not share personal information unnecessarily
- Avoid clicking on suspicious links
- Use secure websites (HTTPS)
- Log out from shared systems
- Review app permissions
These practices help reduce data-related risks.
Role of Users in Data Protection
Technology alone cannot ensure data protection. Users play a critical role by:
- Being aware of data risks
- Practicing safe online behaviour
- Following security guidelines
- Respecting others’ data and privacy
📌 CBSE Exam Point Data protection is a shared responsibility.
Data Protection and Privacy
Data protection is closely linked to privacy.
- Privacy ensures control over personal data
- Data protection provides mechanisms to enforce privacy
Both are essential in a digital society.
Key Points to Remember (NCERT-Oriented)
- Data protection safeguards sensitive information
- It ensures confidentiality, integrity, and availability
- Data is threatened by cyber attacks and misuse
- Strong passwords and encryption help protect data
- Users must follow safe data practices
11.5 Cyber Crime
With the increasing use of computers, mobile devices, and the internet, crimes have also moved into the digital space. Crimes that are committed using computers, digital devices, or networks are known as cyber crimes. CBSE places strong emphasis on cyber crime awareness so that students can protect themselves and act responsibly online.
According to the CBSE Class 11 Computer Science syllabus, cyber crime refers to any illegal activity that involves the use of computers, networks, or digital technologies.
What Is Cyber Crime
Cyber crime may involve:
- Stealing personal or financial data
- Harming individuals through online platforms
- Disrupting digital services
- Misusing computer systems or networks
Cyber crimes can target:
- Individuals
- Organisations
- Government systems
Why Cyber Crimes Are Increasing
CBSE highlights the following reasons:
- Rapid growth of internet users
- Increased online transactions
- Lack of awareness about cyber safety
- Easy availability of digital tools
- Weak security practices
These factors make cyberspace attractive to criminals.
Common Types of Cyber Crimes (CBSE Scope)
CBSE expects students to be familiar with the major types of cyber crimes listed below.
1. Hacking
Hacking is the unauthorised access to a computer system or network.
- Hackers break security controls
- They may steal, modify, or destroy data
📌 CBSE Exam Point Hacking is an illegal and punishable offence.
2. Phishing
Phishing is a type of cyber crime where attackers:
- Pretend to be a trusted entity
- Send fake emails or messages
- Trick users into revealing sensitive information
Examples:
- Fake bank emails
- Fraudulent prize messages
3. Identity Theft
Identity theft occurs when someone:
- Steals personal information
- Impersonates another person online
Stolen data may include:
- Aadhaar number
- PAN details
- Login credentials
4. Cyber Bullying
Cyber bullying involves:
- Harassing or threatening individuals online
- Spreading rumours or offensive content
It commonly occurs on:
- Social media
- Messaging platforms
📌 CBSE Awareness Point Cyber bullying can seriously affect mental health.
5. Online Fraud
Online fraud includes:
- Fake online shopping websites
- Financial scams
- Fraudulent digital payment requests
These crimes aim to cause financial loss to victims.
6. Malware Attacks
Malware is malicious software designed to harm systems.
Types include:
- Viruses
- Worms
- Trojans
- Ransomware
Malware can:
- Steal data
- Damage files
- Lock systems
Impact of Cyber Crime
Cyber crimes can have serious consequences:
- Financial loss
- Loss of privacy
- Damage to reputation
- Emotional distress
- Legal complications
The impact may be long-lasting and difficult to reverse.
Prevention of Cyber Crime
CBSE stresses that prevention is better than cure.
Common Preventive Measures
- Use strong and unique passwords
- Do not share personal information online
- Avoid clicking unknown links
- Install antivirus software
- Keep software updated
- Use secure websites
Role of Awareness in Preventing Cyber Crime
Awareness helps users to:
- Identify suspicious activities
- Respond correctly to threats
- Protect themselves and others
📌 CBSE Exam Point Cyber safety awareness reduces the risk of cyber crime.
Reporting Cyber Crime
Victims of cyber crime should:
- Inform parents or teachers
- Report to cyber crime cell
- Preserve evidence (emails, screenshots)
Reporting helps authorities take action and prevent future crimes.
Key Points to Remember (NCERT-Oriented)
- Cyber crime involves illegal digital activities
- Hacking, phishing, and identity theft are common cyber crimes
- Cyber crimes affect individuals and organisations
- Prevention requires awareness and safe practices
- Cyber crimes are punishable by law
11.6 Indian Information Technology Act (IT Act)
With the rapid growth of digital technologies and online services, it became necessary to have legal provisions to regulate activities in cyberspace. To address issues related to electronic transactions, cyber crimes, and data security, the Government of India introduced the Information Technology Act, commonly known as the IT Act.
According to the CBSE Class 11 Computer Science syllabus, the Indian Information Technology Act is a law that provides legal recognition to electronic records and digital transactions and defines offences and penalties related to cyber crimes.
Need for the IT Act
CBSE highlights the need for the IT Act due to the following reasons:
- Increase in use of computers and the internet
- Growth of e-commerce and online services
- Rise in cyber crimes
- Need for legal recognition of electronic records
- Requirement for secure digital communication
Traditional laws were not sufficient to deal with cyber-related issues.
Introduction to the IT Act
- The Information Technology Act was enacted in 2000
- It is applicable throughout India
- It is also referred to as Cyber Law of India
📌 CBSE Exam Point The IT Act was introduced in the year 2000.
Objectives of the IT Act
The main objectives of the IT Act are:
- To provide legal recognition to electronic records
- To facilitate electronic commerce and e-governance
- To prevent and punish cyber crimes
- To ensure data and system security
- To promote trust in digital transactions
Legal Recognition under the IT Act
The IT Act provides legal status to:
- Electronic records
- Digital signatures
- Online contracts and transactions
This means:
- Electronic documents are treated as valid as paper documents
- Digital signatures are legally accepted
📌 CBSE Exam Point The IT Act gives legal validity to digital signatures.
Cyber Crimes Covered under the IT Act
The IT Act defines various cyber offences and prescribes penalties for them.
Some common offences include:
- Hacking
- Data theft
- Identity theft
- Cyber fraud
- Publishing obscene content online
- Damage to computer systems
These offences are punishable by law.
Penalties and Punishments (Awareness Level)
The IT Act provides for:
- Monetary penalties (fines)
- Imprisonment in serious cases
- Compensation to victims
The severity of punishment depends on:
- Nature of offence
- Extent of damage caused
CBSE expects conceptual awareness, not section numbers.
Role of IT Act in Cyber Safety
The IT Act helps in:
- Protecting users from cyber crimes
- Ensuring accountability in digital activities
- Promoting ethical use of technology
- Strengthening cyber security framework
It acts as a deterrent against misuse of technology.
IT Act and Responsibility of Users
The IT Act also places responsibility on users to:
- Follow cyber laws
- Avoid illegal online activities
- Respect privacy and data of others
- Use digital platforms responsibly
📌 CBSE Exam Point Ignorance of cyber law is not an excuse.
Importance of IT Act for Students
CBSE includes the IT Act to ensure students:
- Understand cyber laws
- Become responsible digital citizens
- Are aware of legal consequences
- Use technology ethically and safely
This awareness is essential in a digital society.
Key Points to Remember (NCERT-Oriented)
- IT Act is India’s cyber law
- Enacted in the year 2000
- Provides legal recognition to electronic records
- Covers cyber crimes and penalties
- Promotes secure and lawful digital activities
11.7 Impact on Health
The increasing use of computers, mobile devices, and digital technologies has significantly affected human health. While technology provides convenience and efficiency, excessive or improper use can lead to various physical, mental, and social health issues.
According to the CBSE Class 11 Computer Science syllabus, it is important to understand the health-related impact of prolonged and uncontrolled use of digital devices and learn ways to use technology responsibly.
Types of Health Impacts Due to Technology
CBSE broadly classifies the impact on health into:
- Physical Health Impact
- Mental Health Impact
- Social Health Impact
1. Physical Health Impact
Excessive use of computers and digital devices can cause several physical problems.
Common Physical Health Issues
a) Eye Strain (Computer Vision Syndrome)
- Caused by prolonged screen exposure
- Symptoms include dry eyes, blurred vision, headaches
📌 CBSE Exam Point Continuous screen use can strain eye muscles.
b) Poor Posture and Back Pain
- Improper sitting posture
- Long hours without breaks
Can lead to:
- Back pain
- Neck pain
- Shoulder stiffness
c) Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI)
- Caused by repeated movements (typing, mouse use)
- Affects hands, wrists, and arms
Examples:
- Carpal tunnel syndrome
d) Lack of Physical Activity
- Increased screen time reduces physical movement
- Can lead to obesity and poor fitness
2. Mental Health Impact
Technology also affects mental well-being.
Common Mental Health Issues
a) Stress and Anxiety
- Pressure to stay connected
- Online competition and comparisons
b) Digital Addiction
- Excessive use of social media, games, or internet
- Loss of control over screen time
📌 CBSE Awareness Point Digital addiction can affect concentration and studies.
c) Sleep Disorders
- Use of devices before bedtime
- Blue light affects sleep cycle
Results in:
- Insomnia
- Fatigue
3. Social Health Impact
Technology can also influence social behaviour.
Social Health Issues
- Reduced face-to-face interaction
- Social isolation
- Weakening of family relationships
- Overdependence on virtual communication
Excessive digital engagement can reduce real-world social skills.
Positive Health Impacts of Technology
CBSE also acknowledges positive aspects:
- Health monitoring apps
- Online fitness programs
- Telemedicine services
- Mental health awareness platforms
Balanced use can support healthy living.
Preventive Measures and Healthy Practices
CBSE encourages the following practices:
1. Balanced Screen Time
- Limit daily screen usage
- Take regular breaks
2. Proper Ergonomics
- Correct sitting posture
- Proper desk and chair height
- Screen at eye level
3. Eye Care Practices
- Follow 20-20-20 rule
- Blink frequently
4. Physical Activity
- Exercise regularly
- Reduce sedentary behaviour
5. Digital Well-being
- Avoid excessive social media use
- Maintain offline hobbies
- Practice mindful technology usage
📌 CBSE Exam Point Healthy technology use requires balance and awareness.
Role of Awareness in Health Protection
Awareness helps users:
- Recognise early health symptoms
- Adopt healthy habits
- Use technology responsibly
Education plays a key role in promoting digital well-being.
Key Points to Remember (NCERT-Oriented)
- Excessive technology use affects health
- Impacts include physical, mental, and social health issues
- Eye strain, posture problems, and addiction are common
- Balanced usage reduces health risks
- Awareness and healthy practices are essential